๋ณธ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ

์Šคํฌ๋ž˜ํ•‘์ด๋ž€

์‹œํ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์ง€ํ˜ธ 2024. 7. 5.

์ž๋™ํ™” ์Šคํฌ๋ž˜ํ•‘(Automated Web Scraping)์€ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋„ฃ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ž๋™ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šคํฌ๋ž˜ํ•‘ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

Ex.

์ฃผ์š” ์š”์†Œ

  1. HTTP ์š”์ฒญ:
    • ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด HTTP GET, POST ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • requests, axios ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. HTML ํŒŒ์‹ฑ:
    • ์›น ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ HTML ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์‹ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • BeautifulSoup, cheerio ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ์ž๋™ํ™” ๋„๊ตฌ:
    • ํŠน์ • ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ € ์ž๋™ํ™” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • Selenium, Puppeteer ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ์šฉ ์˜ˆ์‹œ

  1. Python๊ณผ BeautifulSoup์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์Šคํฌ๋ž˜ํ•‘
    import requests
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
    
    # URL ์„ค์ •
    url = 'https://example.com'
    
    # ์›นํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์š”์ฒญ
    response = requests.get(url)
    response.raise_for_status()
    
    # HTML ํŒŒ์‹ฑ
    soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
    
    # ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ถ”์ถœ
    titles = soup.find_all('h1')
    for title in titles:
        print(title.get_text())
     
  2. Node.js์™€ Cheerio๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์Šคํฌ๋ž˜ํ•‘
    const axios = require('axios');
    const cheerio = require('cheerio');
    
    // URL ์„ค์ •
    const url = 'https://example.com';
    
    // ์›นํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์š”์ฒญ
    axios.get(url)
        .then(response => {
            // HTML ํŒŒ์‹ฑ
            const $ = cheerio.load(response.data);
    
            // ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ถ”์ถœ
            $('h1').each((index, element) => {
                console.log($(element).text());
            });
        })
        .catch(error => {
            console.error('Error fetching data:', error);
        });
     
  3. Selenium์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ € ์ž๋™ํ™”
    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
    from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
    
    # ์›น ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„ ์„ค์ •
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    
    # URL ์„ค์ •
    driver.get('https://example.com')
    
    # ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ถ”์ถœ
    titles = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, 'h1')
    for title in titles:
        print(title.text)
    
    # ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ € ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ
    driver.quit()

์ž๋™ํ™” ์Šคํฌ๋ž˜ํ•‘์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€

  1. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘: ๋‰ด์Šค, ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ, ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋“ฑ์˜ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„
  2. ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋น„๊ต: ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ „์ž์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ต\
  3. ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์ •๋ณด: ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ๋งค๋ฌผ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘
  4. ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜: ํ•™์ˆ  ๋…ผ๋ฌธ, ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง‘

์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ

  • ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ: ์Šคํฌ๋ž˜ํ•‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜
  • ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฐฐ์ œ ํ‘œ์ค€: robots.txt ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šคํฌ๋ž˜ํ•‘์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธ
  • ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์š”์ฒญ: ์›น ์„œ๋ฒ„์— ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด ์„œ๋ฒ„์— ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ์œ ์ง€
  • ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฌธ์ œ: ์Šคํฌ๋ž˜ํ•‘์ด ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜

์ž๋™ํ™” ์Šคํฌ๋ž˜ํ•‘์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ณ ๋ ค

 

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